The principles involved in repeat operations and the materials used are similar to those used in primary operations. However bone stock may have been lost and this will require bone or bone substitute grafting. The implants required may need to be of a special design and various devices to provide support for the new artificial joint are often used. If cement was used for the first operation it will have to be removed.
Occasionally the revision operation must be done in two stages:
first the implants are removed together with cement and unhealthy tissues and then only after weeks or months the new joint is implanted. This is often necessary when infection has been the cause of failure.
Revision operations tend to be bigger than first operations:
they take longer, more often require blood transfusion, and the functional results are more modest.
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